Jewelry and Luxury Items Discoveries in Kalibangan

Kalibangan, located in present-day Rajasthan in India, is one of the major archaeological sites of the Indus Civilization, also known as the Civilization of the Seven Rivers. This site, dating from 2500 to 1900 BC, is known for its advanced urban planning and hydraulic systems. However, the discoveries of jewelry and luxury objects at Kalibangan shed fascinating light on the cultural and aesthetic dimension of this ancient society.

1. Pearl and semi-precious stone jewelry

Excavations at Kalibangan have revealed a large number of beads made from a variety of materials:

• Carnelian : A prized orange stone, often associated with advanced polishing techniques.
• Agate and Chalcedony : Often used for necklaces or bracelets, these stones were polished with remarkable precision.
• Shell and bone beads : Testifying to local craftsmanship, they reflect an ingenious use of available natural resources.

These jewels indicate sophisticated artisanal production and a probable professional specialization in the manufacture of decorative objects.

2. Terracotta and shell bracelets

Fragments of bracelets, made of terracotta or marine shell, have been discovered. Some were decorated with geometric patterns or engravings, testifying to an advanced aesthetic and an appreciation of craftsmanship. The use of shells imported from coastal regions suggests extensive trade.

3. Decorated pottery

Although mainly utilitarian, some pottery found at Kalibangan is considered luxury items. Its complex decoration with geometric or floral motifs and its elegant shapes demonstrate a marked aesthetic concern. These objects could have been used during ceremonies or by the city’s elites.

4. Objects made of copper and precious metals

Although rare, copper artifacts have been found, including small decorations and tools. This indicates the mastery of metalworking techniques at Kalibangan. However, the notable absence of precious metals such as gold or silver could reflect either local rarity or their use reserved for larger urban centers such as Mohenjo-Daro or Harappa.

5. Signs of a successful business

Exotic materials found in the jewelry, such as carnelian and shells, suggest that Kalibangan was part of a well-developed trade network. These materials probably came from distant regions, such as Gujarat for carnelian or the Oxus Valley for some stones.

6. Social and symbolic meaning

These luxury items were not just valuable goods. They played a role in expressing social identity, distinguishing elites, and possibly in religious or spiritual practices. The beauty and care taken in their creation also reflect a culture where aesthetics had an important place.

Conclusion

The findings of jewelry and luxury objects at Kalibangan reveal a refined society, with sophisticated craftsmanship and extensive trade networks. These artifacts demonstrate not only advanced craftsmanship, but also a strong taste for beauty and cultural expression. Through these finds, Kalibangan stands out as an emblematic example of the discreet and functional elegance of the Indus civilization.