Theories on the Decline of the 7 Rivers Civilization

Theories on the Decline of the 7 Rivers Civilization It is known for its well-planned cities, advanced sanitation systems, and extensive commerce. However, this civilization mysteriously disappeared around 1900 BC¹, leaving behind many questions about the reasons for its decline.

An ending without violence

Unlike other ancient civilizations that collapsed under the weight of wars, invasions, or internal unrest, the demise of the 7 Rivers civilization appears to have been entirely peaceful. Archaeological evidence does not show obvious signs of deliberate destruction, armed conflict or massacres. The inhabitants seem to have left their towns gradually, slowly abandoning large cities like Mohenjo-daro, Rakhi Garhi and Harappa. This absence of violence has led researchers to explore other explanations to understand this decline.

The role of climate and natural disasters

One of the most widely accepted theories today is that climate change played a crucial role in the demise of this civilization. Research shows that around 4,000 years ago the region underwent significant climate change, leading to a decrease in precipitation. This drop in precipitation would have affected agriculture, the main source of subsistence for this civilization.

In addition to climate change, earthquakes may have contributed to this decline. Two major earthquakes are suspected of having diverted the course of some important rivers in the region, such as the Yamuna and the Sutlej. These earthquakes would have changed the landscape dramatically, drying up the Sarasvati River, which is today known as Ghaggar.

The Sarasvati was one of the main sources of water for the 7 Rivers civilization. Its drying would have made agriculture even more difficult, forcing residents to gradually abandon their land. The cities would thus have been deserted, not because of conflicts, but because of the progressive deterioration of living conditions.

Conclusion

The 7 Rivers civilization appears to have disappeared due to environmental factors, mainly climate change and natural disasters like earthquakes. Unlike other civilizations, it was not destroyed by violence, but by a slow deterioration of its living conditions. The inhabitants were probably forced to migrate to other regions, where water and resources were still available, marking the end of one of the first great civilizations in history.

1Except in Gujarat where it continued for 5 centuries.